Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Double immunofluorescent staining of human subcutaneous adipose tissue sections with antibodies against T-cadherin (green) and DPP4 (red); nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Images were acquired using a Zeiss LSM 780 confocal microscope and ZEN2010 software, shown at lower magnification (A) and higher magnification (B) . A thick arrow points to a group of cells expressing both T-cadherin and DPP4 in the interstitium; thin arrows mark cells expressing only T-cadherin; ovals encircle adipocytes. Scale bar 50 µm. (C) The table shows the percentage of T-cadherin–positive, DPP4 + cells and double-positive cells (DPP4 + /T-cadherin + ), quantified from adipose tissue sections of two healthy donors.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Staining, Microscopy, Software, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Light microscopy of MSCs (of the two to three passages) isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue of a healthy donor (A) and immunofluorescent staining with antibodies against T-cadherin (green) (B) . Arrows indicate cells with low or no T-cadherin expression, whereas cells exhibiting green fluorescence corresponding to T-cadherin are clearly visible. Scale bar, 50 µm. Light microscopy of human MSCs (C) and double immunofluorescent staining with antibodies against T-cadherin green, (E) and DPP4 red, (F) nuclei were counterstained with DAPI blue, (D) . Arrows in (C–F) indicate one and the same cell co-expressing T-cadherin and DPP4. Images were acquired using a Leica DMI 6000B microscope equipped with a Leica DFC7000T digital camera and LAS X software. Scale bar, 20 µm. (G) Representative flow cytometry plot showing T-cadherin and DPP4 distribution in cultured MSCs. The proportion of double-positive (DPP4 + /T-cadherin + ) cells was 30.4%; 6.15% expressed only T-cadherin, and 14% expressed only DPP4.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Light Microscopy, Isolation, Staining, Expressing, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Software, Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Individual UMAP plots showing the expression levels and distribution of CDH13 (encoding T-cadherin) in control MSCs (A) and MSCs after 4 days of adipogenic induction (B) . UMAP plots demonstrating DPP4 expression in control MSCs (C) and MSCs after 4 days of adipogenic induction (D) . (E) RT-qPCR analysis of MSCs cultured in control medium or under adipogenic induction conditions showing the dynamics of T-cadherin mRNA expression. T-cadherin/ CDH13 expression decreased by day 4 in adipogenic medium and remained low through day 10. RT-qPCR data are shown as the mean ± SD. T-test. **р< 0.01 *p < 0.05 vs. control media in corresponding experimental day. Results are representative of three biologically independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated object. (A) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of CDH13 gene expression (encoding for T-cadherin) in the integrated object; CDH13 expressing cells corresponds to Cluster 3 (more than 1-fold change of the average expression level); (B) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of DPP4 gene expression (encoding for T-cadherin) in the integrated object; DPP4 expressing cells correspond to Cluster 3 (more than 1-fold change of the average expression level) (C) DimPlot–Integrated object UMAP-clustering. Sample proportion diagrams depict the ratio between the cell counts in the control MSC sample (Salmon) and in the MSC sample (Iris blue) after a 4-day induction of adipogenic differentiation within the Clusters. (D) DimPlot–Integrated object grouped by samples. CDH13 expression in the control MSC sample (Salmon) and MSC sample (Iris blue) after a 4-day induction of adipogenic differentiation. Cluster 3 predominantly contains cells from the control sample.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated object. FeaturePlot. Each cluster is denoted by color. Cluster 0 (Salmon) primarily contains cells expressing fibroblast markers and genes responsible for cell cycle regulation. Cluster 1 (Khaki) encompasses cells expressing preadipocyte-specific genes, such as CEBPB , PPARγ, CD36 and markers of mature adipocytes ( ADIPOQ , Perilipin1 , Perilipin4 ). In Cluster 2 (green), cells predominantly express genes related to mitosis. Cluster 3 (Blue) contains cells of interest with high level of T-cadherin expression, as well as classical MSC markers ( CD90 , PDGFR ), Wnt signaling genes , and DPP4 . In a separate remote Cluster 4 (Magenta), besides CDH13 , cells express Nestin , a marker of neural crest cells, and CD36 , a marker of adipocyte progenitors.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Marker

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Split violin-plots showing the relative expression levels and distribution of CDH13 (A) and DPP4 (B) genes in the control MSC sample (Salmon) and MSC sample after a 4-day induction of adipogenic differentiation (Iris blue). The highest CDH13 expression was detected in Cluster 3 in MSCs of the control sample compared to MSCs after a 4-day adipogenic induction. Similarly, the highest expression of DPP4 was found in Cluster 3 in MSCs of the control sample. Split violin plots were generated using the R package Seurat and the function VlnPlot with the argument split.by = “sample”.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Generated

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) DimPlot– GSE182158 object UMAP-clustering; (B) 2 cluster manual cell type annotation, the red oval marks cluster 2; (C) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of CDH13 gene expression in the GSE182158 object; (D) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of DPP4 gene expression (encoding for T-cadherin) in the GSE182158 object.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Gene Expression

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elevated DPP4 expression in MSCs after lentiviral transduction in T-cadherin-overexpressing cells was verified using RT-qPCR (A) and Western blot (B) . β-tubulin was used as the loading control for Western blot analysis. Representative results from one of two biologically independent RT-qPCR and eight Western blot experiments are shown. ANOVA with multiple comparisons, **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Transduction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Control